Education:

Ph.D. Biochemistry: Georgetown University, Washington D.C., 1978
M.A. Biological Sciences: Stony Brook University, 1974
B.S. Biology: University of the District of Columbia, 1972

Research Interests:

Molecular biology, Molecular biotechnology, and their application in the production of recombinant HIV-1 gene products for therapeutic applications against HIV and AIDS. The main interests of the research are the production of HIV-1 gp120/160 envelope proteins; post-translational modification of the proteins by glycosylation; and modulation of HIV-1 Nef and Vpu protein expression using small molecule ligands and novel inhibitors targeted to their function in model cell lines.

Courses Taught:

• BIOL 105, Introductory Biology 1 (for majors)
• BIOL 101, Introductory Biology 1 (for non-majors)

Selected Publications (Total: 34, h-Index 15, citations: 691):

• Samuel, K. P., Hodge, D. R., Chen, Y. M. A., and Papas, T. S.: Nef proteins of the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are structurally similar to leucine zipper transcriptional activation factors. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 7:697-706, 1991.
• Chen, Y.-M. A., Jang, Y.-J., Kanki, P. J., Yu, Q.-C., Wang, J.-J., Montali, R. J., Samuel,K. P., and Papas, T. S.: Isolation and Characterization Of Simian T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type II From New World Monkeys. Journal of Virology 68: 1149-1157, 1994. 
• Hodge, D. R., Chen, Y.-M.A., and Samuel, K. P.: Oligomerization of The HIV Type 2 Nef Protein: Mutational Analysis of The Heptad Leucine Repeat Motif And Cysteine Residues. AIDS Research And Human Retroviruses 11: 65-79, 1995. 
• Kondoh, N., Noda, M., Fisher, R.J., Schweinfest, C.W., Papas, T.S., Kondoh, A., Samuel, K. P., and Oikawa, T.: The S29 ribosomal protein increases tumor suppressor activity of K rev-1 gene on v-K ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1313: 41-46, 1996. 
• Hodge, D.R., Dunn, K.J., Pei, G.K., Chakrabarty, M.K., Heidecker, G., Lautenberger, J.A., and Samuel, K.P.: Binding of c-Raf1 Kinase to a Conserved Acidic Sequence within the Carboxy-Terminal Region of the HIV-1 Nef Protein. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 15727-15733, 1998. 
• Hartz, P.A., McMiller, T., Scott-Wright, D., and Samuel, K.P.: Low Level Expression of the HIV-1 Nef Protein In Transiently Transfected COS-1 Cells In Culture. Cellular And Molecular Biology, 49: 1101-1107, 2003.